In PL/SQL and DB programming, a package is a schema object that groups logically related PL/SQL types, variables, subprograms, and cursors. A package provides a modular approach to organize and manage your code, making it easier to develop, maintain, and reuse. Also, by defining a clear separation between the package specification (public interface) and the package body (implementation details), you can expose only what is necessary while hiding internal logic.
A package consists of two main parts: specification and body. The package specification is like an interface that declares the types, variables, constants, exceptions, cursors, and subprograms that can be accessed by users or another programs. This part does not contain the actual code for the subprograms; it only defines the signature (name, parameters, and return types).
On the other hand, the package body contains the actual code or implementation of the subprograms declared in the package specification. It can also define additional subprograms or variables that are private and not exposed in the specification.
For example, let's create a package named hr_pkg:
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